Antislipping device for locomotives



J1me 1 A. F. ANDERSON ,3

ANTISLIPPING DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 6, 1941 INVENTOR. A. F. ANDERSON BY MM ATTORNEY.

June 8, 1943- A. F. ANDERSON 2,321,059

ANTISLIPPING' DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES Filed Jan. 6, 1941 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 l/l fi fl fi 40 1 I H 34 'ili' Q! I.-

INVENTOR. A.E ANDERSON BY wwm ATTORNEY.

June 8, 1943- A. F. ANDERSON ANTISLIPPING DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES Filed Jan. 6, 1941 6 SheetsSheet 5 FIGURE M S MR VE mD N A f A ATTORNEY.

FIGURE.

June 1943- A. F. ANDERSON 2,321,059

ANTISLIPPING DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES Filed Jan. 6, 1941 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 all g gaa FIGURE I4 INVENTOR. AEANDERSON BY W 5 ATTORNEY.

June 8, 1943. A. F. ANDERSON 12,321,059

ANTISLIPPING DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 6, 1941 175 FIGURE 16 INVENTOR. A. F. ANDERSON BY WW ATTORNEY:

June 8, 1943. ANDERSQN 2,321,059

ANTISLIPPING DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES Filed Jan. 6, 1941 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIGURE 19 INVENTOR. A. F. ANDERSON ATTORNEY.

ing the braking Patented June 8, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,321,059 ANTISLIPPING DEVICE FOR LOCOMOTIVES Albert F. Anderson, San Francisco, Calif. Application January 6, 1941, Serial No. 373,225 3 Claims. (Cl. 192-3) This invention relates to improvements in locomotives and railway trains: having reference particularly to the providing of means for preventing excessive skidding or slipping of the wheels on the railsdue to improper or faulty application of the brakes or of the power, or from other causes, such as from slippery rails.

It is one object of this invention to provide means which will automatically reduce the amount of power applied to the drive wheels of a locomotive when the slippage exceeds a predetermined amount.

Another object is to provide means for reducaction on the wheels whenever the slippage or skidding due to the braking action becomes excessive.

Inorder to more clearly describe the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which the invention has been illustrated, and in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a differential speedometer employed in one embodiment of this invention;

Figure 2 is an end elevation looking in the direction of arrow 2, in Figure l; v

.Figure 3 is a section taken on line 3-3, Figure 1, and shows the relationship of the pointers;

.Figure 4 is a simplified wiring diagram showing the essential electrical connections;

Figure 5 is a view taken on line 5-5, Figure 6 and shows the locomotive throttle lever to which has been added an electrical motor and a magnetic release for automatically closing the throttle under certain predetermined conditions;

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the mechanism shown in Figure 5. looking in the direction of arrow 6, in Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a view showing the outlines of a locomotive and showing the several elements of the mechanism in place thereon;

Figure 8 is a wiring diagram and a diagrammatic illustration of the differential speedometer employed in one embodiment of the invention;

Figure 9 is a wiring diagram showing the relationship and the interconnection of the various elements; comprising the invention;

Figure 10 is a view view shown in Figure 6 and shows a portion of the motor in section for the purpose of disclosing the position and construction of the magnetic clutch;

Figure 11 is a side elevation looking in the direction of arrows ll-| I, Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a view partly n elevation and partly in section showing a modified form of the somewhat similar to the invention in which the differential speedometer has been replaced by a differential gear mechanism and in which hydraulic means is employed instead of electrical means for the purpose of controlling the operation of certain valves;

Figure 13 is a view representing a four-way valve employed in the hydraulic embodiment;

Figure 14 shows another modification operating on the hydraulic principle and in which the electric circuits are controlled by the differential action of two pressure devices; and

Figure 15 illustrates another operating mechanism in which the diiferential action is obtained by electromagnetic means whose force varies with the peripheral speeds of the engine wheels.

Figure 16 shows a modified form of the differential mechanism in which centrifugal means is employed;

Figure 17 is a wiring diagram showing one form of synchronous electrical transmission;

Figure 18 is an end view showing a reversing switch connected with a portion of the reversing gear of the locomotive: and

Figure 19 is a view looking in the direction of arrows H in Figure 18.

Referring now to the drawings, reference numeral 20 designates the rails of a railway track, one of which is shown supporting a locomotive, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 2i. The drive wheels have been designated by reference numerals 22, and in the embodiment shown there are three interconnected pairs of drive wheels. The number of drive wheels is, of course. immaterial. Reference numeral 23 designates a freely rotatable pilot wheel of which two pairs are usually employed. In the embodiment shown only one pair of pilot wheels have been illustrated. It is to be understood that by the term pilot wheels applicant does not intend to limit himself in any way to the freely rotatable wheels secured to a pilot truck, but intends to include the wheels of the tender or any other unbraked wheels connected with the locomotive or the train which always rotate at a peripheral speed equal to the speed of the train along the rails. For reasons which will appear as the description proceeds, the position of the pilot wheels with respect tothe engine or train is also immaterial, provided they are never subjected to forces which cause them to slip to any appreciable extent.

The engine is provided with the usual cylinders 24, piston rods 25, crossheads 2i, and connecting rods 21. in Figure '1, reference numeral 28 designates a direct current generator that is driven from the axle of the pilot wheels by means of abelt 29 and reference numeral 38 designates another direct current generator which is driven from a drive wheel axle by means of a belt 3|.

numeral 38 designates a direct current generator 7 which is driven by any suitable means and which provides current for the operation of an electro- In Figure 9 a somewhat more elaborate schematic representation of the invention is shown. In this embodiment the direct current generator 28 has been replaced by an alternating current generator 28a and the direct current generator of rotation of the pilot and the drive wheel axles, the former, which has been designated by reierw magnetic device 39 that serves to close the throttle valve 48 when the peripheral speed of the drive wheels exceeds the peripheral speed of the pilot wheel by a predetermined amount,

Referring now more particularly to Figure 8 reference numerals 4| represent two spaced bear-- ing brackets which cooperate with the bearing block 42 to form spaced bearings for shafts 43 and 44. Each shaft is provided with an arm 45 to the end of which is secured an arcuate core 46 of soft iron. A spring 41 is associated with each arm 45 and tends to move it in a clockwise direction when viewed as in this figure. Shaft 44 is provided with a pointer comprising two angularly spaced arms 48 whose ends are bent at right angles and terminate in electrical contacts 49 which are insulated from the arms 48. Shaft 43 is provided with a single pointer 58 which is positioned between the contacts 49 and which can be moved into electrical contact with either of them in response to peripheral speed variations in the drive and pilot wheels. Reference numeral 5| designates an electromagnetic device for opening a valve 52 which controls the air brake operation. One terminal of generator 38 is connected with pointer 58 by means of condoctor 53. The other terminal of generator 38 is connected by means of a conductor 54 with another conductor 55 which connects tothe two coils of the electromagnetic devices 39 and 5|. A

conductor 56 connects the free end of the coil on device 39 with one electrical contact -49 and another conductor 51 connects the free end of the coil on device 5| with the other contact 49. It will now be evident that if pointer 58 moves to-- ence numeral 59, is directly connected with the generator 28a, while the latter, which has been designated by reference numeral 68 drives generator 38a by means of a belt or any other suitable transmission device so as to obtain equal voltages from the two generators when theperipheral speeds of the pilot wheels and the drivers are equal.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure9, where the various mechanisms have been elab orated on, the electromagnetic device 5| shown in Figure 8, is here shown as a relay 5|a. having an armature 6| that is connected to the generator 38 by means of a conductor 62 and in a like manner the electromagnetic device 39 of Figure 8 is here shown as a relay 390, like that designated by numeral Ma, and which has its armature 6| connected'with the generator 38 by means of the conductors 54 and 55. Whenever the drive wheels slip, too much ,power, the voltage of generator 38a will rise, thereby increasing the pull of the solenoid 35 on its core 46 and move the pointer 58 into engagement with the contact 49 to'the left. whereupon relay 39a will close and connect conductor. 63 to 55. Conductor 64 is connected to conductor 53 by conductor 65 and we now have a ward the right and comes into contact with electrical contact 49 positioned to its right, current from the generator 38 will flow through the coil on the electromagnetic device 5| and operate the air controlvalve 52. If pointer 58 moves relative to the contacts 49 so as to come into engagement' with the contact situated to the left of pointer 58 electromagnetic device 39 will operate and close the valve 48,

Since the generator 38 is driven from the axle of the drive wheels, it is obvious that when the drive wheels slipon the rail, due to an excessive amount of power, pointer 58 will move in a counterclockwise direction until it engages contact 49 at its left, thereby closing the valve 48, checking the flow of steam and thus reducing the power; whereas if th drive wheels skid, due to an excessive braking force applied to them, pointer 58 will move into engagement with the contact 49 to the right, whereupon, the electromagnetic device 5| will operate valve 52 and reduce the braking force.

condition in which conductors 63 and 64 are connected in series with the generator 33, A normally closed limit switch 66 is connected in series with .conductor 64 for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. i

Let us now assume that limit switch 66 is closed and that armature 6| engages the terminal connected with conductor 63. Under these conditions, current from the generator 38 will flow through the electromagnet'il, through the motor 68 through the electromagnet 69 and through the bell or buzzer 18, the circuits of all being connected in parallel. Where the invention is applied to a compoundlocomotive current will also flow through the coil ll of an electromagnetically operated valve 12 for the purpose of by-passing steam around the low pressure cylinders when the high pressure cylinders charge the connecting pipes with too much steam due to the slipping drivers. The circuit to the coil H has been shown by broken lines 13. p

Referring now to Figure 10, it will be seen that the electromagnet 61 is secured to the innersurface of housing 14 within which is positioned a friction clutch comprising two members 15 and 1:. Clutch member 15 is keyed to the'shaft n and clutch member 18 is nonrotatably and slidably keyed to the motor shaft 18. The hub of clutch member 16 is provided with a groove in which is positioned a ring 19 that is pivotally connected to the lever 88 which, in turn, is pivoted at its lower end at the point indicated by reference numeral 8|. The armature or core of electromagnet 81 is connected with lever 88 by means due to the application of is moved into closed position.

of links 82 and an adjustable stop 83 serves to limit the movement of lever 88 in response to the electromagnet 81. In the position shown in Figure 10, the friction clutch is in disengaged position so that no power can be transmitted by it from shaft 18 to shaft 11. A spring 88 serves as a. means for normally keeping the friction clutch member 18 in this position.

A reference to Figure 9 will show that whenever relay 88a is closed the motor 88 will rotate and simultaneously with it the clutch, which has been designated by reference character 85 in Figure 9, will be closed by the operation of the electromagnet 81; thereby connecting the motor to the shaft 11 causing the latter to rotate. The outer end of shaft 11 is provided with a pinion 88 which is in mesh with a segmental spur gear 81 that is keyed to shaft 88. Nonrotatably secured to shaft 88 is a throttle lever 88 that extends between the toothed quadrant 80 and the arcuate guide member 8i. (Figures 5 and 6). The throttle lever is provided with a pawl 82 that can be reciprocated by means of a handle 88 which is pivotally connected at 88 with the outer end thereof. A link 88 transmits force from the lever 88 to the pawl 82 which is urged into engaged position by a spring that has not been shown because it is of a usual construction. A handle 88 is rigidly connected with the outer end of the throttle lever.

The quadrant 88 and the guide member 8i are sef switches, I I8 and I I8, permit the operator to concured to a bracket having arms 81, 88 and 89 by means of bolts I00. Secured'to one end of shaft 88 is a crank arm "I, to the outer end of which links I82 are pivotally attached by means of a bolt I03. The free ends of links I02 are pivotally connected with a slidable rod I88 which operates the throttle valve that controls the amount of steam delivered to the engine cylinders. A col- .lar I05 is nonrotatably secured to shaft 88 by' means of a set screw I08 or by any other s'uitable means. Attached to this collar is an arm I01 which engages and moves switch arm I08 into open position when the throttle valve mechanism Switch arm I08 controls the operation of limit switch 88 which is positioned in the housing shown in Figure 11. This switch or circuit closer is biased to closed position by means-of a spring I88 which has been indicated in Figure 9.

Referring again to Figure 9, it will be seen that I when the limit switch 88 is moved to open position, motor 88 will stop rotating and the electromagnet 81 will-release lever 80 and permit the clutch members and 18 to separate and at the same time current will be cut off from electromagnet 88 and signal 10, but not from the electromagnetic valve 1 I, 12.

At this point attention will be called to the function of the electromagnet 88 which has been diagrammatically indicated in Figure 9 and which has also been shown as positioned on the throttle lever 88. (See Figure 6.) It has been explained above that the pawl 82 is urged into engaged position by a spring and before motor 88 can turn shaft 88, it is necessary to disengage the pawl from the quadrant and for this purpose an electromagnet device represented by numeral 88 is provided which moves the pawl to disengaged or inoperative position, a portion of the pawl serving as an armature, for the electromagnet, and since 88 and 88, as well as 81, are connected in parallel between wires 88 and 18, the

throttle lever will be released from the quadrant whenever current is supplied to the motor 88, whereupon the motor can furnish to turn the ,shaft 88 and close the throttle valve. The electromagnet 88 does not in any way interfere with the normal operation of the throttle lever and is effective only when the automatic throttle closing mechanism functions.

Let us now assume that a train is being started effected between pointer 58 and the contact 88 which is located to the left, this causes the relay 88a to operate, whereupon the throttle valve is closed by the means above described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6, l0, and 11. When the power is thus cut off, the slipping will stop and the pointer 58 will break contact arid returns to its mid-position between contacts 88. .After this mechanism has functioned the operator can reopen the throttle in the usual manner by means of lever 88.

Referring again to Figure 9, it will be observed that the contact of relay 5Ia is connected by means of conductors III, H2, and H3 with solenoids H8 and H5. which control air valves H8 and H1 respectively. Manually operable neet either one or both of the solenoids H8 and H5 with conductor 55. Conductor III extends to a buzzer I20 which can be connected to or disconnected from conductor 55 by means of a switch I2I.

Let us now assume that the brakes are applied to the drive wheels either in stopping the train or in going down a steep grade and that for some reason the brakes are applied so forcefully that the drive wheels rotate insufficiently and begin to slip on the rails; the decrease in the. speed of rotation of axle 80 will correspondingly reduce the voltage of generator 8041, thereby reducing the pull on the core 88 effected by solenoid 35, thus allowing spring 81 to function and move pointer into engagement with contact 88 positioned to the right, thereby closing the circuit from generator 38 to the relay 5Ia, Relay 5Ia then functions, connecting conductor III with the opposite side of generator 38 from that to which conductor is connected, whereupon current from this generator will flow through either or both of the solenoids III and H5, depending upon which of the switches H8 and H9 is closed. If switch I2I is closed, the buzzer I20 will operate, advising the engineer that the brakes are being released through the action of the automatic mechanism above described. The solenoid II8 controls valve II8, causing the brakes on the Automatic air brake system to slacken while valve II1 which is controlled by solenoid H5 causes the brakes on the Straight air brake system to relinquish their effect accordingly.

In Figure 4 a somewhat simplified circuit diagram has been shown in which the conductors and parts that are common with Figure 9 have been indicated by the same reference characters. In this view, instead of the generator 38, a battery 38a has been shown. One pole of this battery is connected by means of a wire 82 with the conductors 58 and 51 in which the relay coils 88a and 5Ia are connected in series. When the drive wheels slip, due to an excessive amount of power applied, pointer 50 will move into engagemotor 63,

ment with contact '9 to the right in Figure 3, thereby connecting conductors 66 and 53pwhich completes a circuit from the battery 38:: through conductor 64, switch, and conductor 65. Relay 39a is thus energized, and armature 6| is attracted, connecting conductor 62 with conductor 63, applying current from the battery 38a to the electromagnet 69, and buzzer III; which are connected in parallel between conductors 63 and 64, while limit switch 66 remains closed. The parts operated by motor 68 will then function to close the throttle 'valve which regulates the power applied to the drive wheels. If, instead of the drive wheels slipping, we assume that the brakes are applied so hard in stopping or going down hill that the drive wheels begin to slide or skid on the rails, the pointer 50 will now engage contact 49 to the left in Figure 4, thereby energizing the relayjla which in turn connects conductor III with conductor 62, to complete a circuit which will sound the signal I and if either or both of switches H3 and 9 are closed, the corresponding electromagnets H4 and H5 will be energized, thereby opening one or both valves I I6 and III, which are shown in Figure 9, thus reducing the braking action continuously until the wheels are able to rotate sufliciently.

Attentionv is called to the fact that in the apparatus described generators 28, 28a' and 30, a generate voltages that are proportional to the speed of the train along the track and to the peripheral speed of wheels 22 and that the currents flowing in solenoids 32 and produce a. corresponding attractive force on the cores 46, which forces are resisted by the springs 41. The displacements of pointer and contacts 49 are therefore proportional to these forces and since these vary in accordance with the peripheral speed of the wheels 22 and the speed of the car or train along the track, it is evident that'pointer 50 and contacts 9 can serve as speed indicators as well as slip or skid indicators. The alternative devices shown in Figures 12, 14, 15 and 16 also depend for their operation on the differential action of opposed forces.

In the above descriptions electrically operated means for eifecting the desired operations'have been described. It is possible and it may at times be preferable to employ hydraulic means in combination with electrical means or hydraulic means in combination with mechanical means for effecting the desired operations.

In Figure 12 a mechanism has been shown in which a diiferential gear isemployed for operating a pump when the peripheral speed of the drive wheels and the pilot wheels begin to vary.

'In this mechanism there are two shafts I22 and I23 which are rotated respectively at speeds proportional to the peripheral speeds of the drive wheels and of the pilot wheels. These shafts might be driven directly from the axles of the drive and the pilot wheels by means of belts or other suitable transmission devices, but in the embodiment illustrated each shaft is provided with an electrical transmission device comprising a Selsyn" motor connected with a three-phase generator driven by the respective axles of the drive and pilot wheels. The generators are of the type in which there is a magnet rotatable within a Gramme ring armature and the motors are of ,the same construction and have the magnets attached to the shafts I22 and H3. This type of synchronous electrical power transmission is well known and therefore need not be illustrated in detail, but is indicated in Figure 17.

Non-rotatably secured to shaft 22 is a bevel gear I24 and a similar gear I25 is non-rotatably at tached to shaft I23. A ring gear I26 is pivoted for free rotation on shaft I23 and is positioned between the hub of Gear I26 has two or axle I23 and produce a corresponding rotation of shaft I30. A collar I33 is attached to the shaft I 30 and carries a resilient arm I 34 having an enlarged head which strikes the gong I3 5 once to wheel slippage. Shaft I30 extends into a reservoir I36 which Is partly filled with oil or other liquid. A gear Both ports are piped to pressure-operated diaphragm valves by pipes which have been desigwards the pump. Connecting the pipes I33 with the interior of the reservoir are valves I which are maintained in partly open position so as tosides of the pump' are provided with relief valves I42 which permits the liquid to flow into the reservoir if the pressure beyond a predetermined been shown in its other position to a somewhat larger scale in Figure 13. The train line of the Automatic air brake system has been designated by reference numeral I50 and this is connected to the four-way valve by the pipe I6I. A cyclinder I62 is connected of a pipe I52. that is Joined the throttle ressure is introthrottle valve will that shafts I22 and I22 will the driver wheels In which case the wheels in such a way rotate at the same speed when do not skid or slip on the rails. shaft I22 will not rotate.

Let us now assume that, due to the application or too much power to the drivers, they slip and tend to spin on the rails. The speed of shaft I22 will increase in direct proportion to the increase in the peripheral speed of the drivers. When this occurs. shaft I will begin to rotate to the right or in the direction of arrow S," thereby operating the gear pump so as to force fluid towards the right and increase the pressure on the diaphragm of valve I22 which opens the valve and permits compressed air to flow through pipe I21, through four-way valve I22, to cylinder I52, thereby closing the throttle valve.

Let us now assume that the train is being stopped or is going down a steep grade and that the brakes are applied with such force as to cause extent. When this occurs, shaft I22 will rotate slower than I22, causing shaft I22 to rotate to the left or in the direction of arrow SKJ? and causing the gear pump to force liquid towards the left and increase the pressure in the diaphragm of valve I, causing it to open and permit compressed air from reservoir I45 to flow through pipe I45 into and through the four-way valve and thence through pipe I5I into the train line until the pressure on the brakes is sumciently relieved by the Automatic air brake system," and the further skidding of the wheels cease.

If the power transmission between the drive wheels and shaft I22 and between the pilot wheels and the shaft I22 is of such a nature that these shafts will reverse when the the locomotive is reversed, it is necessary to shift the four-way valve when the reversing mechanism is operated and for this purpose this valve is provided with an arm I55 which is connected with the reversing gear of the locomotive in such a way that when the latter is set for forward travel, the four-way valve occupies the position shown by full lines in Figure 12 and when the reversing gear is shifted to reverse the direction of travel, automatically it position shown in Figure 13.

Referring now generally to Figures 17, 18 and 19, as well as to Figure 12, it will be seen that when an electric drive of the type indicated is employed, the four-way valve may be replaced by an electric switch, which also may be operated automatically by the reversing gear .of the locomotive; in which case the direction of rotation of shafts I22 and I22 remain unchanged regardless of the direction of travel of the locomotive.

It is obvious that an electric switch may in a like manner be employed -to make. the whole mechanism inoperative when the locomotive runs backward.

In Figure 14, a modified form of combined hydraulic and electric operating mechanism has been shown. In this embodiment, reference numeral I56 designates a reservoir which contains a suitable fluid or liquid such as a light direction of travel of shifts the four-way valve into the valve, thus cutting oil. Connected with the reservoir by means of suitable pipes are pumps I51 and I52. These pumps are driven respectively from the drive wheel axle and the pilot wheel axle and circulate the liquid and exert a pressure upon the liquid in accordance with the speed of rotation of these axles. Pipes I52 connect the delivery ports of these pumps with the fitting I62 from which ipes I6I extend downwardly into the reservoir. Valves I52 of restricted openings are nterposed in pipes I6I. Extending upwardly from each pipe is a pipe I62. corresponds to the pump I51, communicates with the interior of an extensible chamber I62 and the corresponding pipe I62 from pump I52 connects with the interior of the extensible chamber I65. The extensible chambers may be made like bellows or may be comprised of cylinders, pistons, and resistance springs. The inwardly extending ends of the chambers I62 and I65 are provided with projections I66 that engage on opposite sides of a pointer 52b which is pivoted at I61 and is held in a predetermined neutral position by springs I52. Positioned on opposite sides of the pointer are electrical contacts 22b. A battery 22a is positioned in two circuits comprising wires I65, 56, and 51. These circuits include two electromagnets 29 and 5I which control respectively the valve 22 and an air valve 52. Wires 56 and 51 are connected with the contacts 291), and pointer is connected to the battery by conductor 52.

Let us now assume that the apparatus shown in Figure 14. and described above is applied to and in operation on a locomotive and that pumps I51 and I56 are driven at the same speed from the drive and the pilot wheels respectively. While the speed remains the same, the pointer 52b will occupy the position shown because the forces acting on it are balanced. In case the drive wheels slip, its pump will increase its speed and will also increase the pressure of the liquid inpipe I62, whereupon pointer 52b will move towards the left and close the circuit to the electromagnet 29, thereupon closing the throttle oil the power that caused the: slipping. If, on the other hand, the drive wheels skid, thereby reducing the speed at which pump I51 rotates, pointer 56 will move towards the right and close the circuit to the electromagnet 5i, which opens the air valve 52 and relieves the brake pressure responsible for the skidding.

In Figure 15, another embodiment of the differential speed responsive switch mechanism has been shown. In this embodiment, conductors 22 and 24 which are energized from the generator 26 operated by the pilot wheels are connected in series with a solenoid 22a. and conductors 26 and 31 which are energized by the generator 22 driven from the drive wheel axle, are connected in series with solenoid 25a. Each of these solenoids has a core 2611; these cores are suspended by springs 410 from opposite ends of beam I10 which will be referred to as a scale beam that pivots at I1I'. Attached to the scale beam and extending downwardly therefrom, is a pointer 50a to the lower end of which a spring I12 is attached. This spring is anchored to base I12 at point I'll. Wire 52 is connected with the pointer and wires 56 and 51 are connected with the insulated contacts 490..

Let us now assume that generators 36 and 22 are connected respectively with solenoids 22a and 25a and that the drive wheels slip due to the application of excessive power, thereby rotating Pipe I62, which members I19 pivots at a greater peripheral velocity than 'the pilot wheels. When this occurs solenoid 35a is energized more than solenoid 32a and overcomes the force exerted by the latter, whereupon scale beam will be tilted about its pivot, moving the contact on pointer 50a into engagement with the contact 49a located to the left in Figure 15, thus completing theelectrical circuit which energizes the 39 or the relay 39a and in the manner explained in connection with the other embodiments, or in any other suitable manner. n the other hand, if the drive wheels skid, due to the application of an excessive braking force, the voltage applied to solenoid a will decrease, thereby permitting the solenoid 32a to pull the core 46a downwardly moving pointer a into engagement with contact 490 to the right; thus the electromagnetic device 5I or the corresponding relay 5I a becomes energized, which operates a valve for admittingair into the train line for reducing the braking action.

Referring now to Figure 16, which shows another diiferential registering mechanism, which instrument is operated by the action. of centrifugal force; reference numeral I15 denotes its base having two vertically extending brackets I16. The upper ends of the brackets are provided with bearings I11 for the drive shafts I18 electromagnetic device closes the throttle valve and with vertical tubular members I19 on the upper-ends of which bevel gears I are rotatably positioned. A bevel gear I8I is connected with the inner end of each shaft I18, each gear meshing with one of the bevel gears I80. Rods I82 are slidably mounted in openings in tubular and have secured to their upper ends brackets I83 that are provided with two I84 for the upper ends of links I85 that are pivotally connected at I86 to the balls I81. Other links I88 extend from the pivots I86 to the pivot I89 on the bevel gears I80. Springs I90 are positioned between the upper end of gears I80 and brackets I83 and are under compression so as to resist outward movement of the balls. When the shafts I18 are rotated, the balls I81 will also rotate in any ordinary governor of this type and move rods I82 downward 1y. The lower ends of rods I82 have downwardly projecting resilient extensions I9I that are connected to opposite ends of a flexible beam or spring I92 by means of links I93. Attached to the wall I94 are two contacts 490 to which wires 56 and 51 are attached. A pointer 500 is pivoted at I95 and has a portion extending downwardly fromthe pivot. Springs I95 have one of their ends attached to the lower end of the pointer 50c and their other ends to eye-bolts I91 that are adjustably connected with the flanges I98 of brackets I16. The upper end of pointer 500 has a contact to which the wire 53 is attached.

Nonrotatably secured to the shafts I18 are belt pulleys I99, one of which is driven by means of a beltv and pulley on the axle of the pilot wheel, and the other in the same manner by the drive wheel axle. The transmission mechanism from the axles to the pulleys I99 are so proportioned that shafts I18 will normally rotate at equal speeds. Whenever the centrifugal governors operate, rods I9I are forced downwardly, flexing the spring I92 fromthe position shown to the position indicated by dotted lines. When the peripheral speeds of the drive and the pilot wheels are equal, the force exerted on the ends of the spring I 92 are equal and the latter will flex without moving the pointer in either direction. If the speed of the .drive wheel axle "increases or decreases due to slipping or to skidding of-the drive wheels, the corresponding governor head functions due to the change in the speed of rotation,

moving its end of theflexible beam or spring I92 into a higher or lower position than the other end accordingly; thereby moving the contact on pointer 500 into engagement with one or the other of the contacts 490, whereupon either the Dower to the drivers will be turned oif or the brakes released, depending upon whether the drive wheels are slipping or skidding. Since the manner in which the contacts or the switch serve the electrical devices has been fully explained in connection with other views, it is believed that no further explanation is required.

Attention is called to the fact that the centrifugal governor heads are accurate indicators of speed and also are capable of exerting considerable force, wherefore they may serve adequately devices that may be interconnected in opposition in the manner shown, whereby the attached switch can be made to function in response to differential speed variation.

In Figure 17 an electric wiring diagram has 'been shown in which reference character 6" .generator connects to designates a three-phase delta wound generator and M, a synchronous motor of the same con struction as the generator. The field or rotor oi the generator has been shown as a permanent magnet 200 of a straight bar form which is rotated by means of either the drive wheel axle or the pilot wheel axle. The stator comprises a laminated ring core 20I on which is wound an endless wire coil 202. At points degrees apart, conductors 203, 204, and 205 are connected. These conductors connect corresponding points on both stator windings. A reversing switch 208 is connected in conductors 204 and 205 and serves to connect these wires as shown and to change the connection so that conductor 204 from the generator connects with conductor 205 that extends to the motor, and conductor 205 from the motor conductor 204. When the reversing switch occupies the position shown in Figure 17 the rotors of the generator and of the motor will both rotate at equal speeds in the same direction and when the reversing switch is shifted to connect wires 204 and 205 the generator and the motor rotors will rotate at equal speeds, but in opposite directions.

Referring now to Figures 18 and 19, when the direction of travel of the locomotive is to be reon the other end of which a reach rod 209 is pivoted. Reach rod 209 serves to shift the reversing mechanism of a locomotive in the usual way. A

operating shaft 2I4, which is positioned in axial alignment with the shaft 201. The slot 2I2 provides suflicient play for adjusting the locomotive of the reversing gear control approaches either of its two extreme positions. 1

By substituting an ordinary electrical switch of similar construction for the reversing switch 206 and operating it in the same manner, the electrical transmission device, and consequently the entire apparatus or anti-skid device can be left inoperative while the engine is running rearwardly.

It should be observed that besides shutting off the steam completely and consequently the power, the throttle operating mechanism described, is provided with adjustable means whereby the power can be reduced without its being completely shut ofi.

The timing of the limit switch or the setting of its actuating lever I01 is one such means, but as it is preferable to complete closure of the valve, additional means, comprising the magnetically operated clutch, shown in Figure 10, with its two-fold means of limiting the torque transmitted from the motor 68, to the shaft 88, of the throttle mechanism, are provided.

For regulating or limiting the torque the adjustable stop-screw 83 is one means,but this is supplementary to the means indicated in Figure 9, which is the rheostat 2l5, which provides the adjusting resistance in the electrical circuit I operating the clutch magnet 61; which in turn regulates the amount of torque which the friction clutch is to transmit; thus allowing the clutch to slip when the torque is increased beyond the amount required to insure the closing of the throttle valve; as is the case when the operator chooses to prevent it, by applying the required additional resistance to the throttle operating lever 89.

In, the above description it has been pointed out that the invention has been explained with particular reference to a locomotive, for the sake of simplicity and convenience. It is to be understood that the invention is equally applicable to any power driven car having wheels rotatable at all times by the friction between them and the rails, and others operatively associated with brakes. When the automatic brake control is considered it is evident that the invention can be applied to a whole train or to each separate car or unit so long as some means is provided for indicating the relative speed of the car or unit with respect to the rails.

The wheels that are used to indicate the speed of the train along the track must be able to rotate at all times in response to rail friction and if they are acted upon by brakes the latter must be so adjusted that the braking effect will be less than on the other wheels. A single master means for indicating the speed of the train along the track is sufiicient for any number of cars or trucks as is clearly evident from Fig. 8. Each drive wheel or brake actuated wheel assembly must, however, have a separate speed responsive device corresponding to that indicated by numeral 50 in Fig. 8.

Having described the invention what is claimed as new is:

1. In a railway locomotive, having drivewheels and rotatable pilot wheels rolling on supporting have this means set for ing the application of rails, a motor connected with the drivewheels for rotating them, and a brake mechanism operatively connected with the drivewheels for resisting their rotation, means for reducing the tendency of the drivewheels to slip on the rails durpower and during braking, said means comprising, a speed responsive device connected with the drivewheels and another connected with the pilot wheels, said devices being responsive to the peripherial speeds of the wheels, means operated by the speed responsive devices on an increase in the peripherial speed of the drivewheels relative to the peripherial speed of the pilot wheels, for reducing the amount of power delivered to the drivewheels, and means operated by the speed responsive devices on a decrease in the peripherial speed of the drivewheels relative to the peripherial speed of the pilot wheels, due to an excessive braking action, to reduce the braking action.

2. In a railway equipment vehicle having at least two wheels resting on a rail, one of said wheels being freely rotatable to the extent that its peripheral speedis at all times the same as the speed of the vehicle relative to the rail, a

power means connected with said other wheel thereon tending to increase to a value greater than the for exerting a force its peripheral speed speed of the vehicle relative to the rail, a brake mechanism operatively connected with said other wheel, a speed indicator mechanism connected with each wheel, means controlled by the cooperative action of the two speed indicators for reducing the power when the said second wheel attains a peripheral speed greater than the speed of the train relative to the rail, and means also controlled by the relative cooperative action of th two speed indicators for reducing the braking action when the rate at which the peripheral speed of said second wheel is reduced to a predetermined value below the. speed of the vehicle relative to the rail.

3. A speed control device comprising two substantially parallel shafts each having a wheel attached thereto, a motor connected with one of the shafts for rotating it, means comprising a member frictionally engaging both wheels for normally rotating them at the same peripheral speed, a brake mechanism operatively associated with the motor driven wheel, a speed responsive device connected with each of the wheels for indicating its peripheral speed, means for reducing the amount of power, means for reducing the amount of braking action, means comprising the two speed responsive devices for operating the power reducing means when the'peripheral speed of the power driven wheel exceeds the peripheral speed of the other wheel, and means responsive to the cooperative action of the speed responsive devices for operating the brake reducing means when the rate at which the peripheral speed of the power driven wheel is reduced a predetermined amount below that of the other wheel.

ALBERT F. ANDERSON. 

